![]() The stem has been described as a “ central axis” to which all other parts are attached. Some ornamental plants are grown mainly for their attractive stems, e.g.The crooked stems of lanete tree were used here to build unique and artistic structures Tree bark is often used as a mulch and in growing media for container plants. Resins from conifer wood are used to produce turpentine and rosin. The earliest paper was obtained from the stems of papyrus by the ancient Egyptians.Īmber is fossilized sap from tree trunks it is used for jewelry and may contain ancient animals. Bast fibers for textiles and rope are obtained from stems include flax, hemp, jute and ramie. Rattan, used for furniture and baskets, is made from the stems of tropical vining palms. Rubber is obtained from the trunks of Hevea brasiliensis. Cork is obtained from the bark of the cork oak. Tannins used for tanning leather are obtained from the wood of certain trees, such as quebracho. Reed stems are also important building materials in some areas. Trunks of palm trees and tree ferns are often used for building. Bamboo stems also have hundreds of uses, including paper, buildings, furniture, boats, musical instruments, fishing poles, water pipes, plant stakes, and scaffolding. Wood pulp is widely used to make paper, cardboard, cellulose sponges, cellophane and some important plastics and textiles, such as cellulose acetate and rayon. buildings, furniture, boats, airplanes, wagons, car parts, musical instruments, sports equipment, railroad ties, utility poles, fence posts, pilings, toothpicks, matches, plywood, coffins, shingles, barrel staves, toys, tool handles, picture frames, veneer, charcoal and firewood. Wood is a used in thousands of ways, e.g. Medicines obtained from stems include quinine from the bark of cinchona trees, camphor distilled from wood of a tree in the same genus that provides cinnamon, and the muscle relaxant curare from the bark of tropical vines. Chicle, the main ingredient in chewing gum, is obtained from trunks of the chicle tree. Gum arabic is an important food additive obtained from the trunks of Acacia senegal trees. The spice, cinnamon is bark from a tree trunk.Ĭellulose from tree trunks is a food additive in bread, grated Parmesan cheese, and other processed foods. Vegetables from stems are asparagus, bamboo shoots, cactus pads, kohlrabi, and water chestnut. Maple sugar is obtained from trunks of maple trees. Sugar cane stems are a major source of sugar. Stems provide a few major staple crops such as potato and taro. There are thousands of species whose stems have economic uses. The phloem contains living tissue.Įconomic importance There are many hollow tubes, including the xylem vessel and schlerenchyma fibres. This plays a major part in the transpiration of water and nutrients. The most important tissue inside the stem is the vascular tissue. Ep = epidermis C = cortex BF = bast fibres P = phloem X = xylem Pi = pith Stem structure įlax stem cross-section, showing locations of underlying tissues. Thorns - a reduced stem with a sharp point and rounded shape. ![]() Tree - a woody stem that is longer than 5 meters with a main trunk.Bulbs are a combination of stem and leaves so may better be considered as leaves because the leaves make up the greater part. Bulbs often function in reproduction by splitting to form new bulbs or producing small new bulbs termed bulblets. Bulb - a short vertical underground stem with fleshy storage leaves attached, e.g. ![]() Stems are often specialized for storage, asexual reproduction, protection or photosynthesis, including the following: Bark and xylem vessels are examples of this. Much of the longer-lasting tissue in trees consists of cells which are no longer living. The normal life span of plant cells is one to three years. Stems have tissue called the meristem which contains dividing cells.
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